Littafin Amfani da Berth

SFTP · Tasha · Tashar Serial duk a taga ɗaya — daga yadda ake ƙara sabar zuwa gajerun hanyoyi

🚀Fara Aiki

Tsarin Allo

Taga ɗaya tana da sassa huɗu.

• Bangaren Gefe na Shafuka — hagu. Sabobi·Tashoshin Serial da Babban Fayil suna kasancewa a matsayin bishiya.
• Ginshiƙin Zama — zamanin da aka haɗa. Ana bambanta wace sabar ce ta hanyar layin launi.
• Wurin Aiki — sama shine bangaren fayil (gida·nesa), ƙasa kuma Tasha ce. Ja layin rabewa domin canza rabo.
• Layin Matsayi — a mafi ƙasa. Yana gaya maka abin da yake faruwa yanzu.

Ƙara Sabar ta Farko

1. Danna dama a wurin da babu komai a bangaren gefe, ko danna ⌘N.
2. Rubuta suna da adireshin sabar. In ka bar mai amfani·tashar jiragen ruwa fanko, za a yi amfani da ƙimar asali.
3. Danna sau biyu a jeri domin haɗi. Danna sau ɗaya kuwa zaɓi ne.

Canza Harshe

A menu na Berth › Saituna (⌘,), zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin harsuna 20. Asali, yana bin harshen tsarin (system), kuma harshen da aka zaɓa yana aiki a wannan app kaɗai. Bayan canzawa, sai a sake kaddamar da app ɗin domin ya fara aiki.

🗂Sabar da Babban Fayil

Haɗawa a Babban Fayil da Gadon Saituna

In ka haɗa sabobi cikin babban fayil (⌘⇧N), saitunan suna gangarowa ƙasa. Idan ka saita sunan mai amfani ko matsayin taka-tsan-tsan sau ɗaya a babban fayil, dukan sabobin da ke ƙarƙashinsa za su gaji hakan. Wannan hanya ce domin kada ka rubuta ƙima ɗaya sau ashirin ga sabobi ashirin.

Kowane fanni a tagar saitin yana rubuta a ƙasa inda ƙimarsa ta fito (ko ka kanka ka saita ta, ko an gaje ta daga wani babban fayil), kuma maɓallin mayarwa yana mayar da ita zuwa gado.

Matsayin Taka-tsan-tsan — Ci gaba · Staging · Aiki

Matsayi ya fi launi ƙarfi. In an saita zuwa Aiki, ayyuka masu haɗari suna neman ƙarin tabbaci. A jerin zaman, ana cika shi da launin da ka zaɓa kuma a yi masa alama da jan gefe, don haka ana iya bambanta sabar aiki da yawa ta launi. Inda ɗaya kaɗai ke bayyana a lokaci guda (akwatunan tabbatarwa da makamantansu), yana ci gaba da zama ja a matsayin gargaɗi mai ƙarfi.

Ka'idar Dannawa

• Sau ɗaya — Zaɓi (dannawa domin dubawa ko matsar da saiti)
• Sau biyu — Sabar tana haɗi, babban fayil kuma yana buɗewa/naɗewa
• Danna alwatika da ke gaban babban fayil sau ɗaya domin buɗe shi.

🔑Haɗi da Tabbatarwa

Lokacin Haɗi na Farko — Izinin Babban Fayil

Berth yana bin ka'idojin App Store (sandbox), don haka ba ya karanta babban fayil ɗin gida yadda ya ga dama. Lokacin da ka buɗe sabar ta farko, zai tambaye ka ka zaɓi babban fayil ɗin da ke ɗauke da saitin SSH, maɓallai, da known_hosts (yawanci ~/.ssh) sau ɗaya. Da zarar ka zaɓa, zai tuna kuma ba zai sake tambaya ba. In ka ajiye maɓallanka a wani wuri daban, za ka iya zaɓar babban fayil ɗin gida ma.

Don dalili iri ɗaya, bangaren fayil na gida ma yana amfani da babban fayil ɗin da ka zaɓa a matsayin tushe — za ka iya canza shi ta Buɗe Babban Fayil na Gida a kan taken bangaren, kuma ana tuna wannan ma.

Ana Karanta ~/.ssh/config

In ka haɗa ta amfani da alias, za a karanta kuma a yi amfani da host·tashar jiragen ruwa·mai amfani·fayil ɗin maɓalli·ProxyJump· StrictHostKeyChecking na wannan shigarwar. Ko da tashar jiragen ruwa da aka ajiye ta tsufa, fayil ɗin saiti shi ne ya fi fifiko.

Hanyar Tabbatarwa

• Atomatik — an bar wa ssh. Zai gwada dukan maɓallan default, in kuwa bai yi nasara ba, zai tambayi kalmar sirri a Tasha.
• Fayil ɗin Maɓalli — ana amfani da maɓallin da aka ƙayyade guda ɗaya kawai.
• Kalmar Sirri — ana tsallake maɓalli.

Lokacin da Sabar Take Tambaya

In ka ajiye kalmar sirri, za a amsa maimakonka sau ɗaya lokacin haɗi. Sauran tambayoyi — lambar tabbatarwa ta matakai biyu, sake buga kalmar sirri da ba daidai ba, kalmar sirrin maɓalli mai kalmar sirri — suna bayyana daidai yadda sabar ta aiko a tagar "Sabar tana tambaya", ka kuma amsa da kanka. Domin kada asusun ya kulle, ana shigar da kalmar sirri da aka ajiye kai tsaye sau ɗaya kawai, kuma ana tambaya har sau uku a mafi yawa.

Domin Daina Buga Kalmar Sirri Kullum

Danna sabar da dama, ka zaɓi Rijistar maɓallin jama'a a wannan sabar…, sai a tura maɓallin jama'a daga ~/.ssh zuwa sabar. Daga nan, za a haɗa ta amfani da maɓalli.

Kalmar sirrin da aka ajiye tana kasancewa a macOS Keychain kawai. A fayil ɗin saiti, alama ce kawai ta "an ajiye" take zama, ba ainihin ƙimar ba.

Sabar da Ake Gani a Karon Farko, Maɓallin Sabar da Ya Canza

Idan sabar ce haɗi na farko, za a nuna irin maɓallin da yatsan sa, a tambaye ka ko za a tuna. In ka zaɓi tunawa, za a rubuta shi a ~/.ssh/known_hosts a irin tsarin da ssh yake amfani da shi, kuma ba za a sake tambaya ba nan gaba.

Wannan taga tana bayyana kuma idan asalin sabar ya bambanta da na baya. Wataƙila hari ne na tsaka-tsaki, ko kuma an sake shigar da sabar. Berth ba ya yin hukunci maimakonka — yana ba ka kayan da za ka duba — irin da yatsan maɓallin tsohon/sabon, har da umarnin da za ka duba kai tsaye a na'urar. Bayan ka tabbatar, in ka danna "Share tsohon maɓalli a tuna sabo", za a share tsohon shigarwar (an ajiye madadi a known_hosts.old) a rubuta sabon maɓallin.

Bangaren Fayil (SFTP)

Tura Sama da Sauke

Hagu shine Mac ɗinka, dama kuma shine sabar. Ja ka sauke, ko aika ta ⌥⌘→(tura sama) · ⌥⌘←(sauke). Ci gaban aikawa yana tarawa a jerin aikawa.

Bangaren Fayil da ke Bin Tasha

In ka yi cd a Tasha, bangaren nesa zai bi zuwa babban fayil ɗin nan. In binsa yana damunka, kashe shi da ⌘⇧L.

Wuraren da Aka Fi Zuwa · Kallo

• ⌘D — yana ɗora ko cire hanyar yanzu daga fil. Fil yana zama tushen bishiya.
• ⌘↓ — yana shiga cikin babban fayil ɗin da aka zaɓa. ⌘↑ yana mayar da mataki ɗaya.
• ⌥⌘T — Duban Bishiya ↔ Jeri. Babban fayil mai fayiloli dubbai, jeri ya fi dacewa.
• ⌘R — Sake karantawa.
• ⌘⇧F — Nema a Sabar. Ba app ɗin ne ke bincika jeri ba, sabar ce ke gudanar da find.

Kallon Bambanci

In ka kunna ta ⌘⇧Y, ana kwatanta gida da nesa a gefe da gefe, a nuna abin da ya bambanta·wanda ke gefe ɗaya kaɗai. Ana amfani da wannan lokacin da kake son aika abin da ake bukata kawai.

Sharewa

⌘⌫ asali yana matsar da shi zuwa kwandon shara na sabar, kuma koyaushe ana tambaya don tabbatarwa. A sabobin da kwandon shara ke kashe, ana gaya maka tun farko cewa ba za a iya mayar da shi ba.

⌨️Tasha

Ainihin shell ne wanda vim·tmux·less ke gudana daidai yadda suke. Ja da linzamin kwamfuta don zaɓa, sannan kwafi da ⌘C — umarni yana mannuwa a tsafta, ba tare da fararen wuraren cikawa a ƙarshen layi ba.

Tabbatar da Mannawa

In ka manna layuka da yawa, ana nuna maka abin da zai gudana tukuna. Domin mannawar da take da sabon layi cikinta take zama umarni nan take. Abin da ya yi kama da mai haɗari ana nuna shi tare da dalili.

Faɗaɗa Kallo

⌘↩ yana ƙara girman yankin yanzu, sake dannawa yana mayar da shi. ⌥⌘↩ yana ƙara girman bangare ɗaya kawai. Girman rubutu shine ⌘+ · ⌘- · ⌘0. Share tashar da ⌘L — allo da tarihin gungurawa suna gogewa, sai layin shela na yanzu ya rage.

🔌Tashar Serial (UART)

Zaɓen Na'ura

Ƙara Tashar Serial ta ⌃⌘N, sannan zaɓi na'urar da aka toshe a saiti. Berth ba ya tunawa da hanya (path) ba — yana tunawa da na'ura — ta lambar jeri idan tana da ita, ko ta iri idan babu. Ko da ka toshe ta a wani rami na USB daban, za a same wannan na'urar.

Saitin Sauri da Layi

Zaɓi sauri daga jeri, ko rubuta shi da kanka (ana iya amfani da ƙima da ke wajen ma'auni, kamar 1,500,000 — sai dai ya zama ƙimar da na'urar haɗi take karɓa). Asali shine 8N1 · babu sarrafa kwarara, wanda mafi yawan tashoshin serial ke amfani da shi.

• Sarrafa Kwarara — ana kunna shi ne kawai lokacin amfani da igiya mai wayoyi 4 (RTS/CTS). In aka kunna a kan igiya mai wayoyi 3, sai ya toshe maimakon.
• Ci gaba (Parity · Bit) — danna layin domin buɗewa. Ana amfani da shi ne kawai lokacin da ya bambanta, kamar STM32 bootloader (8E1).

Allon Rikodi

A zaman serial, umarnin da ka buga da amsarsu suna tarawa a dama tare da lokaci. Shigarwar da aka yi a wurin da aka tambayi kalmar sirri ana ɓoye ta.

⚡Gajerun Hanyoyi

Gajeriyar hanyar app ɗin koyaushe tana ɗauke da ⌘. Haɗin ⌃·⌥ na shell da TUI (vim·tmux) ne, don haka app ɗin ba ya karɓar su.

❓Tambayoyin da Aka Fi Yi

A ina ake ajiye kalmar sirri?

Ana ajiye ta a macOS Keychain kawai. A fayil ɗin saiti, alama ce kawai ta "an ajiye" take zama. Ana buɗe Keychain sau ɗaya kawai a lokacin haɗi.

Shin ana tattara bayanan amfani?

A'a. Babu wani nau'in bin diddigi a cikin app ɗin. Ba a lissafa abin da kake buɗewa, ko wurin da kake haɗawa da shi.

Tashar Serial tana tsayawa a tsakiyar hanya.

Wannan sifar layi ce da take faruwa lokacin da ake sadarwa mai yawa a kan UART wanda ba shi da sarrafa kwarara. In igiya mai wayoyi 4 ce, kunna Sarrafa Kwarara (RTS/CTS) a saiti; in mai wayoyi 3 ce, rage saurin daga bangaren allon, ko raba fitarwa gida-gida.

Shin dole ne in sake rubuta saitin SSH da nake amfani da shi tuni?

A'a. In ka shigo daga ~/.ssh/config, za a haɗa ta amfani da alias ɗin daidai yadda yake, kuma a karanta a yi amfani da host·tashar jiragen ruwa· mai amfani·maɓalli·ProxyJump na wannan shigarwar.

Ina da saitin da yake amfani da ProxyCommand.

ProxyCommand aiki ne na kaddamar da wani shirin waje, don haka ba za a iya amfani da shi a sandbox ɗin App Store ba. In saitinka yana wucewa ta jump host, canza shi zuwa ProxyJump zai yi aiki daidai. Ba a iya amfani da ssh-agent ma don dalili iri ɗaya — ana karanta fayil ɗin maɓalli kai tsaye, kuma idan maɓallin yana da kalmar sirri, za a tambaye ka ita lokacin haɗi.

Wace sigar macOS ake goyan baya?

macOS 14 (Sonoma) ko sama da haka, yana aiki a kan Apple Silicon da Intel duka.

In ya taimaka maka

Berth kyauta ne. Za ka iya taimakawa ci gaban ta hanyar Ba da Gudummawa.